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Friday, August 3, 2018

Bitcoin-[BTC]


Bitcoin [BTC]:
Bitcoin (BTC) is the first decentralized digital currency, or cryptocurrency. The Bitcoin network is peer-to-peer and transactions take place directly between users, without an intermediary. Transactions are verified by a network of nodes and included in a public ledger, called a blockchain, through a process called mining. Bitcoin was invented by an unknown person or group of people under the name Satoshi Nakamoto, and released as open-source software in 2009.




About Bitcoin:


Bitcoin is defined as a digital cash that started the cryptocurrency movement.

It was created in 2009 by an unknown person or group who went by the name, Satoshi Nakamoto.

Bitcoin does not rely on government/bank created money.

Bitcoin uses peer-to-peer technology to operate with no central authority or banks.

The managing transactions and the issuing of bitcoins is carried out collectively by the network.

Bitcoin is the first decentralized cryptocurrency.

The Cryptocurrency Bitcoin reputation has spawned copies and evolution into a new space of AltCoins.

Bitcoin is thelargest variety of markets and the biggest value.

Bitcoin having reached a peak of 18 billion USD - Bitcoin is here to stay.

With Bitcoin there can be improvements or flaws in the initial model however the community and a team of dedicated developers are pushing to overcome any obstacle they come across.

The Bitcoin is also the most traded cryptocurrency and one of the main entry points for all the other cryptocurrencies.

The price is not organic, is unstable, and Bitcoin have bull/bear up and down by 10%-20% in a single day.

Bitcoin is an SHA-256 POW coin with 21,000,000 total minable coins.

The block echange time is 10 minutes.



History of bitcoin


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Further information: Bitcoin
Number of bitcoin transactions per month (logarithmic scale)

Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency, a digital asset designed to work as a medium of exchange that uses cryptography to control its creation and management, rather than relying on central authorities.[1] The presumed pseudonymous Satoshi Nakamoto integrated many existing ideas from the cypherpunk community when creating bitcoin. Over the course of bitcoin's history, it has undergone rapid growth to become a significant currency both on and offline – from the mid 2010s, some businesses began accepting bitcoin in addition to traditional currencies.[2]



Introduction:


Bitcoin was launched in January 2009 by a programmer or a group of programmers going by the name Satoshi Nakamoto.

It started simply as a decentralized electronic cash.

Decentralization was an important aspect, because all previous attempts to establish a digital cash with a central authority had failed.


The sole motivation for Bitcoin’s:

Bitcoin's creation seems to be the desire for a better payment system for eCommerce.

A system that’s more secure, faster and reliable compared to the system of deposit and credit cards over-viewed by a central authority.

Plus the transaction costs are incomparably smaller and stay the same regardless of the amount sent or received.

Bitcoin can be sent and received anywhere in the world, right away.

The big advantage of Bitcoin, as a currency, is its absolute independence of governments, banks and any central authorities.


In addition:

Transactions occur directly between pseudonymous people (their real names are not known), meaning there are no banks or middlemen.

Each transaction is recorded on a digital record kept by many people across the world known as the “blockchain”.

The data on the blockchain is publicly available and stored on many computers.

Because there are so many copies being simultaneously maintained, the transaction and banking data is very safe and virtually impossible to manipulate.

Individuals protect their bitcoins using their digital wallet.

A wallet is software that can only be accessed by using a key, which is a long string of letters and numbers.

Bitcoin’s price has risen into the thousands of dollars, but you can still own bitcoin by purchasing a fraction of it for dollars.

Because of bitcoin’s popularity, it has become an anchor in the cryptocurrency market. T

hat means, as the price of bitcoin goes up and down, the prices of other cryptocurrencies move too.

Ref: Bitcoin Wiki
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[BGP] Byzantine Generals Problem: Defined in CryptoCurrency


[BGP] Byzantine Generals Problem: Defined in CryptoCurrency

 

Byzantine Generals’ Problem is defined as a situation where spread out units need to coordinate their behavior or action but cannot trust each other to get organized.

Byzantine describes the Byzantine Empire, this was the eastern part of Europe controlled by the Roman Empire from approximately 330 AD to 1453 AD.

 

Byzantine Generals’ Problem is a made up, historical situation where multiple generals and their individual armies have surrounded a city to attack it. The majority of the generals must somehow coordinate a decision to either attack or retreat at the same time, otherwise the situation will end in a major failure.

Byzantine Generals Problem Image


The main problem preventing coordinated action is low trust. Reasons for low trust may include:

  • The generals are far enough apart that they cannot communicate directly or even see each other, so they must trust their messengers to deliver messages.
  • One or more generals may be a traitor and could send false messages to the other generals.
  • One or more messengers may be a traitor and could send false messages to the other generals.
  • The enemy city may catch a messenger and send false messages.

 

This Byzantine Generals Problem is commonly brought up when talking about cryptocurrencies. 


 The digital record, known as the blockchain, must verify and record identical information simultaneously across many thousands of computers and none of the computers can be trusted as a reliable source.
  
Bitcoin provided a unique solution to this problem known as mining:
  1. All computers verify the maximum number of transactions that can be stored at one time.
  2. The computers then compete to solve a very complicated math problem. Their motivation is a reward in bitcoin.
  3. The first computer to solve the problem would not only be rewarded, they would also record the transactions into the blockchain. Included in this recording is proof that they solved the math problem.
  4. Now the winning computer sends out their updated blockchain to the other computers.
  5. The other computers quickly and easily verify that the math problem was solved and also verify/update their recordings.
  6. The process repeats and all computers are again trying to solve the math problem.
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Thursday, August 2, 2018

Bag Holder: Defined in CryptoCurrency

Bag Holder



What Is a Bag Holder?
A bag holder is an informal term used to describe an investor who holds a position in a security that decreases in value until it descends into worthlessness. In most cases, the bag holder stubbornly retains their holdings for an extended period, during which time, the value of the investment goes to zero.


Bag Holder Example(s):
A bag holder refers to an investor who symbolically holds a “bag of stock” that has become worthless over time. Suppose an investor purchases 100 shares of a newly public technology start-up. Although the share price preliminarily rises during the initial public offering (IPO), it quickly starts dropping, after analysts begin questioning the veracity of the business model. Subsequent poor earnings reports signal that the company is struggling, and the stock price consequently plummets further. An investor who holds onto the stock, despite this ominous sequence of events, is a bag holder.

Suppose an investor purchases 100 shares of a newly public technology start-up. Although the share price preliminarily rises during the initial public offering, it quickly starts dropping, after analysts begin questioning the veracity of the business model. Subsequent poor earnings reports signal that the company is struggling, and the stock price consequently plummets further. An investor who is determined to hang onto the stock, despite this tumultuous sequence of events, is a bag holder.


The History of Bag Holders:
According to the website Urban Dictionary, the term “bag holder” hails from the Great Depression, where people on soup lines held potato bags filled with their only possessions. But the term has since emerged as part of modern-day investment lexicon. A blogger who writes on the subject of penny stock investing once quipped about starting a support group called “Bag Holders Anonymous.”




Disposition Effect:
There are several reasons an investor might hold on to under-performing securities.

1.) neglecting one's portfolio, and only be unaware of a stock’s declining value, and an investor will hold onto his position, because selling it means acknowledging a poor investment decision in the first place.

2.) There is a phenomenon known as "the disposition effect", where investors tend to prematurely sell shares of a security whose price increases, while stubbornly retaining investments that drop in value.

This translates into an investors psychologically hate losing more than they enjoy winning, so they consequently cling to the hope that their losing positions will bounce back.

A phenomenon known as "the prospect theory", where individuals make decisions based on perceived gains, rather than perceived losses. This theory is by the example where investor receives $50, rather expected $100 and lost half the amount in negative returns.

Sunk Cost Fallacy:
The sunk cost fallacy is an where investor may become a bag holder.

Sunk costs are unrecoverable expenses that have already occurred.

Suppose an investor purchased 100 shares of stock at $10 per share, in a transaction valued at $1,000.

Now, If the stock falls to $3 per share, the market value of the holding is now just $300. Therefore the $700 loss is considered a sunk cost.

Investors may wait until the stock slingshots back up to $1,000, to recoup their investment, but the losses have already become a sunk cost and should be considered permanent.

In this think-tank perspective, any investors holding onto a stock long enough to drop in value is known-as an unrealized loss, which is not reflected in their actual accounting until the sale is complete; [the begining].
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Atomic Swap: Defined in Cryptocurrency




DEFINITION of Atomic Swaps:
 

Atomic swap is a smart contract technology that enables exchange of one cryptocurrency for another without using centralized intermediaries, such as exchanges.










Atomic swaps can take place directly between blockchains of different cryptocurrencies or they can be conducted off-chain, away from the main blockchain. They first came into prominence in September 2017, when an atomic swap between Decred and Litecoin was conducted.


Since then, other startups and decentralized exchanges have allowed users the same facility. For example, Lightning Labs, a startup that uses bitcoin’s lightning network for transactions, has conducted off-chain swaps using the technology.

Cryptocurrencies and decentralized exchanges, such as 0x and Altcoin.io, have also incorporated the technology.

BREAKING DOWN Atomic Swaps:

As it occurs today, the process for exchanging cryptocurrencies is time-consuming and complex. This is due to several reasons. For example, the fragmented nature of today’s cryptocurrency ecosystem presents several challenges to average traders.

Not all cryptocurrency exchanges support all coins. As such, a trader wishing to exchange her coin for another one that is not supported on the current exchange may need to migrate accounts or make several conversions between intermediate coins to accomplish her goal. There is also an associated counterparty risk, if the trader wishes to exchange her coins with another trader. 



Atomic swaps solve this problem through the use of Hash Time-lock Contracts (HTLC). As its name denotes, HTLC is a time-bound smart contract between parties that involves the generation of a cryptographic hash function, which can be verified between them. (See also: Understanding Smart Contracts.)

Simply, atomic swaps require both parties to acknowledge receipt of funds within a specified timeframe using a cryptographic hash function. If one of the involved parties fails to confirm the transaction within the timeframe, then the entire transaction is voided and funds are not exchanged. The latter action helps remove counterparty risk.

An example of an atomic swap transaction is shown below:


Suppose Alice is a trader interested in converting 101 bitcoins to an equivalent litecoins with Bob. She submits her transaction to bitcoin’s blockchain. During this process, Alice generates a number for a cryptographic hash function to encrypt the transaction. Bob repeats the same process at his end by similarly submitting his transaction to litecoin’s blockchain.

Both Alice and Bob unlock their respective funds using their respective numbers. They have to do this within a specified timeframe or else the transfer will not take place. Atomic swaps can also be used in conjunction with a lightning network to conduct off-chain exchanges. (See also: Bitcoin's Lightning Network: Three Possible Problems.)
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ATH: Defined in CryptoCurrency

ATH: Defined in CryptoCurrency



What is Record High:
ATH: Defined in CryptoCurrency as the term “All-Time-High” relates to the highest price that an asset has achieved on an exchange, for the current trading pair that is being referenced.

For example, if a share of stock in XZY Corp comes to IPO at a price of $5 per share, then trades as high as $20 per share, before falling to $10 in a certain period of time, we could say that the “All-Time High” for the XZY Corp share price was $20.

In the bull-run of late 2017, many cryptocurrencies set new All-Time High records, with Bitcoin setting a new ATH in mid-December.

Each cryptocurrency exchange has a different ATH value for Bitcoin. In some markets, each coin was being traded above the mark of $20,000, but many consider that Bitcoin’s ATH was approximately $19,665.

The ATH value represents the theoretical maximum price that one could have sold the particular asset for, and also represents the maximum price that another trader was willing to pay for that asset, during that period.


However, given the fractional nature of most digital assets, it is possible that the ATH was derived through the trade of a fraction of an asset, rather than a full coin or token.

For example, during the height of a bull-run, a trader may make a purchase of 0.1BTC for $5,000 just before a big drop.

Proportionally speaking, this would give Bitcoin a new ATH at the price of $50,000 per unit of BTC, although only 0.1 BTC ever traded at that price.

The concept of All-Time High may also be applied to the values of market capitalization (market cap).

In early January 2018 - a couple of weeks after Bitcoin’s ATH - the market cap of the entire cryptocurrency market reached an ATH of about $661.2 billion.

The opposite of ATH is the “All Time Low” (ATL) which is used to refer to the lowest price point an asset has traded at, typically only recorded after an asset is listed and begins trading on an exchange.

Another similar perspective:

A record high is the highest historical price level reached by a security, commodity or index during trading.

The record high is measured from when the instrument first starts trading and updates whenever the last record high is exceeded.

The values for record highs are usually nominal, which means they do not account for inflation.


BREAKING DOWN Record High:

All-time record highs typically represent significant price news for companies and markets.

Investors may be enticed to purchase stock, believing this company will continue to perform well in the future.

Companies that constantly reach record highs quickly catch the eyes of prospective investors, while those who repeatedly hit record lows tend to scare off buyers. On the other hand, investors employing a more contrarian strategy may look at record highs as an indicator that a stock will go down in price, presenting an opportunity for shorts.

Many investors will sell out of a "fear of heights," especially repeated record highs, if a stock starts edging upward into uncharted territory.

Some economists say this is because record highs feel and sound unnatural to investors, even though achieving a record high can be viewed simply an example of a market or security doing exactly what it is supposed to do, as long as the government keeps printing money and the economy keeps growing.

Price increases don't always go up in a straight line, and overall, prices go up more than down, so when someone sells at a record high, the odds are not in their favor.

The Psychological Trap of Record High vs. Cost Basis:

As a market or stock moves higher, more investors get locked into the psychological trap of not buying back in after taking profits because a stock's price is higher than when they sold.

Economists and analysts point to the fact that human beings are behaviorally predisposed to latching onto the price at which a stock is bought.

This study basing those decisions on how the current price compares with their cost basis.

Preferred method is an unemotional approach to buying and selling should be more a question of a stock's current valuation, not historical price.


Of course whether a price is at a record high or low, a smart investor will also look at the business prospects of a company.

If it is well run, and business prospects for the company appear to be in line with future growth, it may make sense to ignore the distraction that a record high or low may be.

There are so many factors that play into the price of a stock, and often times, company financial fundamentals and business health aren't always what investors react t

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Alphanumeric: Defined in CryptoCurrency (OptEdit-UnCon Needed)

Alphanumeric:
Defined in CryptoCurrency

Alphanumeric is something made up of both letters and numbers.
Alpha- comes from the word “alphabet” and -numeric comes from the word “numerical” meaning relating to numbers.

Bitcoin address on the Main Network is made up of the character '1', concatenated with the base58 of 20 bytes from a ripemd160 hash concatenated with 4 bytes of checksum of alphanumerics.

Since log(220 * 8 + 4 * 8)/log(58) + 1 ~= 33.7, we get the 34 upper bound.

What I don't understand is the 26 character lower bound. If the ripemd160 hash is super low, then the Bitcoin address would be super short. (If the ripemd160 hash is 0, we only have the checksum and the leading '1', which means we could get it down to 11 characters.)

Where does the lower bound of 26 come from?




Bitcoin Address Formats and Protocol

  1. A wallet address, is a string of 26-35 alphanumeric characters it takes to send and receive bitcoin. 
  2. Any bitcoin address can be used to transfer cryptocurrency to any other address on the network, provided sender’s wallet-software/Hardware supports that address type. 
  3. With so many multiple address formats to choose from, and wallet providers and exchanges only supporting certain address types, and it pays to familiarize yourself with the differences if you are going to invest into cryptocurrencies.

Bitcoin Address Formats Need to Know



There multiple versions of the Internet IPv4 and IPv6 Protocol as are multiple bitcoin address formats by example.

These do not conflict with one another via transactions zipping seamlessly across networks between custodial and non-custodial user wallets.

Three Bitcoin Core address formats are to choose from, P2PKH, P2SH, and bech32.

Only a handful of these service providers supporting all of them.

Your preferred wallet and-or exchange does not support at least one of these formats.

The bech32 is most likely to be omitted.

Learning cryptocurrency Pros, and Cons, the quirks of each address format and this will enable your decision by choose a needed bitcoin wallet, and node-server exchange that suites your end-needs.

This enhances a deeper personal knowledge of Bitcoin’s workings, and the trade-offs of each format in terms of security, flexibility, functionality, and best of success via economic gains.

P2PKH or Legacy Address Format

If your bitcoin address starts with the number one (1), you’re using a P2PKH or a legacy address, as example here below.

Example of P2PKH or a legacy address: 1BvBMSEYstWetqTFn5Au4m4GFg7xJaNVN2.

This was Bitcoin’s original address format and it still works faithfully to this day.

P2PKH, by definition translates into: "Pay-to-Pubkey Hash", or in other translation "pay to a hash of the recipient’s public key".

Legacy addresses are not "segwit compatible".

You can send BTC from a P2PKH address to a segwit address without any problems.

Average fee when sending from a P2PKH address is higher than sending from a segwit address.

This is; because, that legacy address transactions are larger in size costing server-node has-time per/ms.

P2SH Address Format

P2SH addresses is structured similarly to P2PKH.

The P2PKH addresses start with the number three (3), and the P2SH addresses start with the number one (1)

Our P2PKH is exampled here: 3J98t1WpEZ73CNmQviecrnyiWrnqRhWNLy.

This P2SH, translation is "pay-to-script-hash".

This enables elaborate functionality than legacy addresses.

The P2SH address, as a script function, is used for multisig addresses that specify multiple digital signatures required to authorize the transaction(s).

Now, P2SH address format is used to enable non-native segwit transactions using a process identified as P2WPKH-in-P2SH.

Users ending and receiving coins doesn’t need to concern themselves with the more complex functionality that the P2SH format.

Primary is that the address type is widely supported and can be used to send funds to both P2PKH and bech32 addresses.

Bech32 Address Format


Bech32 addresses appear different from P2-style addresses.

Address type starts with “bc1” and is longer than a legacy or P2SH address on account of this prefix.

The Bech32 is the native segwit address format.

This, Bech32 address format, is supported by the majority of software and hardware wallets, and a majority of exchanges.

Ledger and Keepkey wallets currently don’t support bech32, for instance, and while most exchanges enable sending funds to bech32 addresses, they don’t enable users to receive them with this format.

At present, less than 1 percent of BTC is stored in bech32 addresses, although this number is increasing slowly.

Bitcoin Cash Address Formats


Bitcoin Cash addresses follow either legacy format, (which starts with a 1), or  Cash Address (Cash Addr) format.

The Cash Address (Cash Addr) format is based on bech32 and starts with ‘q’ or ‘bitcoincash:q’. BCH wallets support both formats, with tools to switch between Cash Addr and legacy formats.

Primary reason for using Cash Addr format is to distinguish BCH from BTC and thereby prevent funds being sent to the wrong address, remember that, OK?.

Ifwallet and Cash Accounts



On the 10th anniversary of the Bitcoin genesis block, Bitcoin Cash (BCH) developer Jonathan Silverblood launched his Cashaccount.info platform.

(Jonathan Silverblood, (Twitter) known as Jack-of-all-trades.
Using payment codes with Cash Accounts gets you an account name that is secure, decentralized and meaningful, effectively solving Zookos trillemma).

This CashAccount.info platform allows users to tether human-readable names to BCH addresses in order to make payments easier.

Now the BCH light client Ifwallet has become the first public wallet with Cash Accounts sending support.

Bitcoin addresses are long strings of numbers and letters, a format that to some users can be nerve-racking and cumbersome.

The  BCH software programmer Jonathan Silverblood, (YouTube), has been working on a project that helps bypass some of the friction associated with BCH addresses.

He’s created Cashaccount.info, a platform that allows users to register a one-time human-readable name that is tied to a BCH public address.

News.Bitcoin.com tested the application, the day before the official launch on Bitcoin’s 10th birthday.

The platform hashes a name into the BCH blockchain by using an OP return transaction and after the transaction is registered into a block the name will be validated.
Ifwallet becomes the first public BCH wallet to integrate the Cash Accounts system.

When Silverblood first launched the project he also mentioned that he had been reaching out to wallet developers so they could possibly support Cash Accounts in the future.

The Cashaccount.info-website shows the programmer has discussed the idea with Electron Cash, Edge, BRD, Bitcoin.com, Stash, Ledger Wallet and more.

Next, the Cash Accounts founder explained that the cryptocurrency light client Ifwallet has added support for the name address system within the sending interface.
Johnathan Silverblood giving “Congratulations to Ifwallet for releasing the first public wallet with ash Accounts sending support,” he stated on Thursday.
The developer continued:
When you go to send you can now type in a Cash Accounts name and if they have compatible payment information in them they will show up in a dropdown list.
The Cashaccount.info OP return transaction process.

Ifwallet and Cash Accounts Experimenting


Ifwallet is a cryptocurrency wallet with a focus on bitcoin cash and provides users with a secure asset management tool for token support.

The mobile wallet is backed by investors -i.e. Coinex and is partnered with projects like Johnwick.io, Viabtc, BCH Club, and Wormhole.

Ifwallet also supports the Wormhole project by implementing WHC integration and incorporating the token factory.

The Ifwallet project launched the decentralized applications (dapp) store module and deployed a variety of dapps that can be used with the wallet.
On news.Bitcoin.com tested the Ifwallet application and the client’s speed was similar to using the Japanese Yenom wallet.

The wallet makes you create a six-digit PIN to access the interface but biometric settings like Apple’s Face ID/Touch ID can also be set up.

The wallet doesn’t compel you to back up the wallet’s mnemonic phrase, (A seed phrase, seed recovery phrase or backup seed phrase), immediately and there is a warning message displayed until this part of the process is complete.

I sent 0.00041575 BCH – or a nickel – to the Ifwallet, without realizing there was an identical amount of BSV attached to the BCH. The Ifwallet split the transaction into two and my wallet ended up with 0.00041575 BSV as well.
Sending a nickel’s worth of BCH to “Jamiecrypto#116” using the Ifwallet on iOS. 
After the transaction confirmed, I simply used Silverblood’s directions and sent money to the Cashaccount.info name “Jamiecrypto#116.” The transaction immediately showed a sent transaction to the Cash Accounts name and the process was much simpler than copy and pasting an alphanumeric string to use as an address. Overall the application worked well and if more wallets integrate this feature it would likely make sending and receiving easier for newcomers. However, some people will definitely take issue with reusing addresses and may not find the Cash Accounts payment system compatible with efforts toward financial privacy.
What do you think about Ifwallet implementing Cash Accounts support? Do you think concepts like Cash Accounts is a good idea? Let us know what you think about this subject in the comments section below.
Disclaimer: Readers should do their own due diligence before taking any actions related to the mentioned companies or any of its affiliates or services. Bitcoin.com and the author are not responsible, directly or indirectly, for any damage or loss caused or alleged to be caused by or in connection with the use of or reliance on any content, goods or services mentioned in this article. Neither Bitcoin.com nor the author is responsible for any losses, mistakes, skipped steps or security measures not taken, as the ultimate decision-making process to do any of these things is solely the reader’s responsibility. This editorial is for informational purposes only.
Image credits: Shutterstock, Ifwallet, Bitcoin.com’s Block Explorer, and Cashaccount.info.
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Arbitrage: Defined in CryptoCurrency


Arbitrage: 

Defined in CryptoCurrency

A beginner’s guide

In cryptocurrency trading, there can sometimes be significant price differences between exchanges.
Cryptocurrency arbitrage allows you to take advantage of those price differences, buying a crypto on one exchange where the price is low and then immediately selling it on another exchange where the price is high.

Remember, there are several important risks and pitfalls you need to be aware of before you start trading.


What is cryptocurrency arbitrage?

Arbitrage is the simultaneous buying and selling of an asset on different markets to profit from the price difference between those markets being traded.

In a highly simplified example of how cryptocurrency arbitrage works, you would search for a specific coin that’s cheaper on Exchange A.) than on Exchange B.) Then, You then buy the coin on Exchange A.), sell it for a higher price on Exchange B.), and pocket the difference.

Arbitrage trading is not a new one and has existed in stock, bond and foreign exchange markets for many years.

Understand that the development of quantitative systems designed to spot price differences and execute trades across separate markets has put arbitrage trading out of reach of most retail traders.

The arbitrage opportunities still exist in the world of cryptocurrency, where a rapid surge in trading volume and inefficiencies between exchanges cause price differences to arise.

Bigger exchanges with higher liquidity effectively drive the price of the rest of the market, with smaller exchanges following the prices set by their larger counterparts.

With smaller exchanges don’t immediately follow the prices set on larger exchanges, which is where opportunities for arbitrage arise.


How does cryptocurrency arbitrage work?

Arbitrage is typically made possible by a difference in trading volumes between two separate markets.

The reason behind this is simple: in a market with high trading volumes where there’s reasonable liquidity of a particular coin, prices are generally cheaper.

Within a market where there’s limited supply of a particular coin, it will be more expensive. By purchasing from the former and instantaneously selling on the latter, traders can theoretically profit from the difference.


Arbitrage opportunities also exist in the opposite direction, where you would buy on a smaller exchange and sell on a larger exchange.

The recent surge in the popularity of cryptocurrency has led to a dramatic increase in trading volumes on many exchanges around the world.

Those exchanges are not linked, and a low trading volume on some exchanges can mean that the price listed doesn’t adjust to the exchange average immediately.

As a result, this has seen the creation of price differences arbitragers could potentially exploit.

The most famous example of crypto exchange pricing differences was a phenomenon known as the “kimchi premium” which, in January 2018, saw the price of bitcoin (BTC) in South Korea rise to more than 50% higher than global prices.


How to do it:

The most basic approach to cryptocurrency arbitrage is to do everything manually – monitor the markets for price differences, and then place your trades and transfer funds accordingly. 

However, there are several cryptocurrency arbitrage bots available online that are designed to make it as easy as possible to track price movements and differences. Online or mobile trading apps, such as Blockfolio, can also simplify the market monitoring process.

It’s also worth pointing out that hedge funds are increasingly moving into the cryptocurrency sphere.

For example, Singapore hedge fund Kit Trading is raising $10 million for a crypto arbitrage fund and is set to join the more than 80 crypto hedge funds that launched in 2017.



There are multiple strategies arbitrage traders can use to make a profit, including the following:
  • Simple arbitrage: Buying and selling the same coin immediately on separate exchanges.
  • Triangular arbitrage: This process involves taking advantage of the price differences between three currencies. For example, buy BTC in USD, sell it to make EUR, and then exchange those EUR back to USD.
  • Convergence arbitrage: This approach involves buying a coin on one exchange where it is undervalued and short-selling the same coin on another exchange where it is overvalued. When the two separate prices meet at a middle point, you can profit from the amount of convergence.
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